Managers Of Virtue Public School Leadership - 3350 Words

Managers of Virtue In the book, Managers of Virtue: Public School Leadership in America, 1820-1980, the authors address the difficulties of today’s American public school system in light of the role played by school leadership in the building and reconstruction stages of public education in America. The book provides the reader with a historical visit to public education and, particularly, to the lives of those who created, managed, led, shaped, and reshaped the American public school system. The authors’ state that schools increase in meaning through the influence of structural procedures, as well as social values accredited to it. The authors support that understanding the leader in the schools of the past, i.e., his social†¦show more content†¦Those conditions are always specific to time and place – that is, historical and particular† (p. 12). Throughout this book, the authors appear to want to emphasize two key things: (a) Illustrate how the legacy of American education has lost meaning in the eyes of those who have inherited it from the founding leaders of the public school system; and, (b) To challenge those currently in leadership of public schools to take seriously the task of building â€Å"a new coherence and community of commitment in public schools† (Hansot Tyack, 1986, pp. 249-262). The authors believe that, in America, there is a notable lack of faith in public education, and that such faith must be reestablished if public education is to be effective. In the forefront of this process, to restore faith in public schools, the authors view the part of the educational leaders as a prominent one. In chapter nineteen, Hansot and Tyack seem equably inclined toward purposeful structuralism in regards to the role that schools play, or must play, in changing society. Their argument on the destruction of the traditional American faith in public education is very well stated, but the course of the approaches of intervention seem focused on changing the schools in order to change societal attitude towards schools rather than the opposite. The authors state the following, â€Å"what might be some common grounds of agreement on such a public philosophy of education? A commitment to a common school starts

Globalization the Americanization of the World - 3228 Words

Globalization: The Americanization of the World? Books to be discussed: Andrew J. Bacevich, American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy (Harvard University Press, 2002). Joseph E. Stiglitz, Making Globalization Work (Norton, 2007). James L. Watson, ed., Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia (2nd edition, Stanford University Press, 2007). Robert McCrum, Globish: How the English Language Became the World’s Language (Norton, 2010). Fareed Zakaria, The Post-American World (Norton, 2009). Globalization is the integration of the world’s different regions into a global culture, economy, geo-political arena, and communication network. It is the process by which the lines of nation states are blurred, smoothed over by†¦show more content†¦World War I was entered only because of the unprovoked German aggression upon the Lusitania. Cold War military and political endeavors were nobly pursued to defend against Communist aggression. Yet Andrew Bacevich rejects this view. He argues that this â€Å"myth of the ‘reluctant superpower’—Americans asserting themselves only under duress and then always for the noblest purposes† (Bacevich 7-8) is exactly that, a myth. That Roosevelt’s reportedly soft speaking and big stick carrying America uses the† reluctant superpower† myth only in order to justify acts of self-interest. Perhaps the more fitting description of America by Theodore Roosevelt is his affirmation that â€Å"o f course, our whole national history has been one of expansion† (Bacevich, 7). The United States has conscientiously exerted itself at every opportunity in order to expand its global economic and strategic interests. America’s superpower status and role as an agent of globalization is driven entirely by the machinery of self-interest. Bacevich writes that â€Å"ever increasing prosperity† (Bacevich, 85) is the primary national interest. Furthermore, as Bill Clinton stated â€Å"Growth at home depends upon growth abroad.† Of course, there is still the legitimate idealistic side of globalization as â€Å"the ultimate promise of peace, prosperity, and democracy† (Bacevich, 42), but America’s actual interest and role in globalization is to expand the American economy. In other words, America’s aims in globalization are toShow MoreRelatedAmericanization783 Words   |  4 Pagesrefer to globalization. However, with the passage of time, some cultures had more influent on others and it was obvious that some cultures began to i mpose themselves on others. One of those cultures is American culture and its impacts on other culture are called Americanization. In order to go deeper in Americanization and answer the bewildering question â€Å"have globalization turned to Americanization?†, must stand on the reasons and effects of Americanization. Before sailing in Americanization, letRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Society1307 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is a phenomenon involving the integration of ideas circulating worldwide, connecting people from everywhere (Friedman). Globalization affects everything, but most importantly it impacts our own cultures. Culture is the way that groups of people act, believe, and live. This is crucial to life because without culture, we wouldn’t be unique. Cultures are linked together through globalization because globalization can spread cultures worldwide, altering them in the process. GlobalizationRead MoreDoes the Caribbean Contribute to the Americanization of Its Media?1336 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Do you believe Caribbean Media are victims or causal factors of the Americanization of Caribbean Culture?† There has been an ongoing debate as to whether The Americanization phenomenon, has been perpetuated by the media across the Caribbean. It must be stated, that the Americanization phenomenon, can be synonymous with Globalisation. Hence it very pertinent to the discussion, to first defines the denotative meaning of the term Globalisation. (Dr.Maria Alfaro) defines Globalisation as: â€Å"ARead MoreDoes the Caribbean Contribute to the Americanization of Its Media?1322 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Do you believe Caribbean Media are victims or causal factors of the Americanization of Caribbean Culture?† There has been an ongoing debate as to whether The Americanization phenomenon, has been perpetuated by the media across the Caribbean. It must be stated, that the Americanization phenomenon, can be synonymous with Globalisation. Hence it very pertinent to the discussion, to first defines the denotative meaning of the term Globalisation. 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This term is being used by rhetoricians, professors, political candidates and business people alike, yet globalization is a vastly broad and unfamiliar concept to a majority of people. Personally, before enrolling in this class, I thought I knew what the general idea of globalization was, as rudimentary and elementary as my knowledge of the topicRead MoreGlobalization And Our Nation s Foreign Policy Choices1384 Words   |  6 PagesEven though the concept of globalization is complex, it is no longer deniable that we live in a globalized world. Thanks to the new technologies of communication, we are well informed about our closest and farthest neighbors across the entire world. Our nations and, indirectly we, the citizens, are all impacted by international matters and our nation’s foreign policy choices. Generally , globalization has affected many nations in various ways; economically, politically, and socially. It’s a fast integrationRead MoreGlobalization Is A Good Thing For The Economy1237 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is the worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. Globalization has impacted many different companies like Nike,Reebok,McDonalds, and Walmart. In order to have a successful globalization and spreading that brand across the world is something that Disneyland has mastered over the years. Opening in 1955 Disneyland was founded in California the company and brand took off over the years and has been globalizing across the world in many of differentRead MoreCultural Globalization and Westernization698 Words   |  3 PagesGlobalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of worldviews, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Cultural globalization is dealt with in our everyday liv es. It deals with different ideas, meanings, and values throughout the world, globally. International travel, television, music, the Internet and many different popular cultures influence it. Globalization has been questioned whether or not it actually leans towards the Western culture, or if itRead MoreEssay about Globalization: The Myth of Cultural Imperialism1289 Words   |  6 Pages Its 2014. There are technological advances every day. The world is connected by the Internet. Previously sheltered countries are now able to see what is going on in the rest of the world. And the rest of the world can see what is going on in those countries. Ideas are bounced around as if in a pin ball machine. People in India, Pakistan, Israel, Germany, etc.†¦ know what movie stars and fashions are popular in America, Great Britain, France, and Japan. However, they get more than just

Night World Soulmate Chapter 14 Free Essays

string(23) " somebody to guard me\." Stay here,† Rashel said sharply, but Hannah ran with the rest of them toward the front of the house. She could hear a ferocious snarling and barking outside-a very familiar sort of sound. Nilsson and the other CIA guys were running around. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Soulmate Chapter 14 or any similar topic only for you Order Now They looked grim and efficient, moving fast but not frantically. Hannah realized that they knew how to do this sort of thing. She didn’t see Lupe. The snarling outside got louder, building to a volley of short barks. There was a yelp-and then a scrambling noise. After a moment of silence there came a sound that lifted the hair on Hannah’s forearms-a wild and eerie and beautiful sound. A wolf howling. Two other wolf voices joined the first, chording, rising and falling, interweaving with each other. Hannah found herself gasping, her entire skin shivering. Then there was one long sustained note and it was over. â€Å"Wow,† the tiny blond called Gillian whispered. Hannah rubbed her bare arms hard. The front door opened. Hannah felt herself looking toward the ground, but nothing four-legged came in. Instead it was Lupe and two guys, all disheveled, flushed, and grinning. â€Å"It was just some scouts,† Lupe said. â€Å"We ran them off.† â€Å"Scouts from Maya?† Hannah said, feeling a tightness in her stomach. It really was true, then. Maya was trying to storm the house to get to her. Lupe nodded. â€Å"It’ll be okay,† she said almost gently. â€Å"But I think all of you better stay inside today. You can watch movies or play games in the game room.† Hannah spent the day talking with the Circle Daybreak members. The more she found out about them, the more she liked them. Only one thing made her uncomfortable. They all seemed to defer to her-as if, somehow, they expected her to be wiser or better because of her former lifetimes. It was embarrassing, because she knew she wasn’t. She tried to keep her mind off Thierry†¦ and Maya. But it wasn’t easy. That night she found herself walking restlessly through the house. She wound up in a little anteroom on the second floor that looked down on the enormous living room. â€Å"Can’t relax?† The lazy murmur came from behind her. Hannah turned to see Ash, his lanky elegant body propped against a wall. His eyes looked silver in the dimly lit room. â€Å"Not really,† Hannah admitted. â€Å"I just wish they’d find Thierry. I’ve got a bad feeling about it.† They stood for a moment in silence. Then Ash said, â€Å"Yeah, it’s hard to be without your soulmate. Once you’ve found them, I mean.† Hannah looked at him, intrigued. The way he said that†¦ She spoke hesitantly. â€Å"This morning Thea said you were all here because you had human soulmates.† He looked across the room at French doors that led to a balcony. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"And-well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Maybe she’s dead, Hannah thought suddenly. Maybe I shouldn’t ask. â€Å"And you want to know where mine is,† Ash said. â€Å"I didn’t mean to pry.† â€Å"No. It’s okay.† Ash looked out at the darkness beyond the French doors again. â€Å"She’s waiting-I hope. I’ve got some things to put right before I see her.† He didn’t seem scary anymore, no matter how his eyes changed. He seemed-vulnerable. â€Å"I’m sure she is waiting,† Hannah said. â€Å"And I’ll bet she’ll be glad to see you when you’ve put things right.† She added quietly, â€Å"I know I’ll be glad to see Thierry.† He glanced at her, startled, then smiled. He had a very nice smile. â€Å"That’s true, you’ve been in her shoes, haven’t you? And Thierry’s certainly tried to make up for his past. I mean, he’s been doing good works for centuries. So maybe there’s hope for me after all.† He said it almost mockingly, but Hannah caught an odd glistening in his eyes. â€Å"You’re like her, you know,† he added abruptly. â€Å"Like my-like Mary-Lynnette. You’re both†¦ wise.† Before Hannah could think of something to say to that, he nodded to her, straightened up, and went back into the hallway, whistling softly through his teeth. Hannah stood alone in the dim room. For some reason, she felt better suddenly. More optimistic about the future. I think I’ll be able to sleep tonight. And tomorrow, maybe Thierry will be here. She clamped down hard on the rush of hope that filled her at the thought. Hope†¦ and concern. After all she’d said to him, she couldn’t be absolutely sure how Thierry would receive her. What if he doesn’t want me after all? Don’t be silly. Don’t think about it. Go outside and get a breath of air, and then go to bed. Later, of course, she realized just how stupid she had been. She should have known that getting a breath of fresh air only led to one thing in her life. But at the moment it seemed like a good idea. Lupe had warned her not to open any outside doors-but the French doors only led to a second-floor balcony overlooking the backyard. Hannah opened them and stepped out. Nice, she thought. The air was just cool enough to be pleasant. From here she could look across dark stretches of grass to flood-lit palm trees and softly splashing fountains. Although she couldn’t see Thierry’s people, she knew they were out there, stationed around the grounds, watching and waiting. Guarding her. It made her feel safe. Nothing can get to the house with them around it, she thought. I can sleep just fine. She was about to turn and go back inside when she heard the scratching. It came from above her. From the roof. She glanced up and got the shock of this particular lifetime. There was a bat hanging from the roof. A bat. A bat. A huge bat. Upside down. Its leathery black wings were wrapped around it and its small red eyes shone at her with reflected light. Wild thoughts tumbled through Hannah’s mind, all in a fraction of an instant. Maybe it’s a decoration†¦ no, idiot, it’s alive. Maybe it’s somebody to guard me. You read "Night World : Soulmate Chapter 14" in category "Essay examples" God, maybe it’s Thierry†¦. But all the while, she knew. And when the instant of paralysis passed and she could command her body again, she sucked in a deep breath to scream an alarm. She never got the chance to make a sound. With a noise like an umbrella opening, the bat unfolded its wings suddenly, displaying an amazingly large span of black membrane. At the same moment something like sheet lightning seemed to hit Hannah, a blinding surge of pure mental energy. She saw stars, and then everything faded to darkness. Something hurt. My head, Hannah thought slowly. And my back. In fact, she hurt all over. And she was blind-or she had her eyes shut. She tried to open them and nothing changed. She could feel herself blinking, but she could only see one thing. Blackness. Utter, complete blackness. She realized then that she’d never seen real darkness before. In her bedroom at night there was always some diffused light showing at the top of her curtains. Even outdoors there was always moonlight or starlight, or if it were cloudy, the reflection of human lights, however faint. This was different. This was solid darkness. Hannah imagined she could feel it pressing against her face, weighing down on her body. And no matter how wide she opened her eyes or how fixedly she stared, she couldn’t see even the slightest glimmer breaking it. I will not panic, she told herself. But it was hard. She was fighting an instinctive fear, hardwired into the brain since before the Stone Age. All humans panicked in complete blackness. Just breathe, she told herself firmly. Breathe. Okay. Now. You’ve got to get out of here. First things first. Are you hurt? She couldn’t tell. She had to shut her eyes in order to sense her own body. As she did, she realized that she was sitting up, instinctively huddling into herself to keep safe from the darkness. Okay. I don’t think you’re hurt. Let’s try standing up. Very slowly. That was when the real shock came. She couldn’t stand up. She couldn’t. She could move her arms and even her legs. But when she tried to lift her body, even to shift position slightly, something bit into her waist, keeping her immobile. With a crawling feeling of horror, Hannah put her hands to her waist and felt the rough texture of rope. I’m tied. I’m tied†¦. There was something hard against her back. A tree? Her hands flew to feel it. No, not a tree-too regular. Tall, but squarish. A post of some kind. The rope seemed to be wound many times around her waist, tightly enough that it constricted her breathing a little. It bound her securely to the post. And then it fastened above or far behind her somewhere-she couldn’t find any knots with her fingers. It felt like very strong, very sturdy rope. Hannah knew without question that she wasn’t going to be able to wiggle out of it or untie it. The post seemed very sturdy, too. The ground under Hannah was dirt and rock. I’m alone, she thought slowly. She could hear her own gasping breath. I’m all alone†¦ and I’m tied here in the dark. I can’t move. I can’t get away. Maya put me here. She left me to die all alone in the dark. For a while, then, Hannah simply lost control. She screamed for help and heard her voice echo oddly. She pulled and twisted at the rope with her fingers until her fingertips were raw. She threw her whole body from one side to the other, trying to loosen the rope or the post, until the pain in her waist made her stop. And finally she gave in to the galloping fear inside her and sobbed out loud. She had never, ever, felt so desolate and alone. In the end, though, she cried herself out. And when she’d gasped to a stop, she found that she could think a little. Listen, girl. You’ve got to get a grip. You’ve got to help yourself, because there’s nobody else to do it. It wasn’t the cool wind voice or even the crystal voice-because they were both just part of her now. It was Hannah’s own mental voice. She had accepted all her past selves and their experiences, and in return she felt she could call on at least some of their wisdom. Okay, she thought grimly. No more crying. Think. What can you tell about your situation? I’m not out in the open. I know because there’s no light at all and because of the way my voice echoed. I’m in a big†¦ room or something. It’s got a high ceiling. And the floor is rock. Good. Okay, do you hear anything else? Hannah listened. It was hard to concentrate on the silence around her-it made her own breathing and heartbeat seem terrifyingly loud. She could feel her nerves stretch and fray†¦ but she held on, ignoring her own noises and trying to reach out into the darkness with her ears. Then she heard it. Very far away, a sound like a faucet dripping slowly. What the hell? I’m in a big black room with a rock floor and a leaky faucet. Shut up. Keep concentrating. What do you smell? Hannah sniffed. That didn’t work, so she took long breaths through her nose, ignoring the pain as her midsection pressed against the rope. It’s musty in here. Dank. It smells damp and cold. In fact, it was very cold. Her panic had kept her warm before, but now she realized that her fingers were icy and her arms and legs were stiff. Okay, so what have we got? I’m in a big black refrigerated room with a high ceiling and a stone floor. And it’s musty and damp. A cellar? A cellar without windows? But she was just fooling herself. She knew. The skin of her face seemed to sense the pressure of tons of rock above her. Her ears told her that that musical dripping was water on rock, very far away. Her nose told her that she wasn’t in any building. And her fingers could feel the natural irregularity of the ground underneath her. She didn’t want to believe it. But the knowledge crowded in on her, inescapable. I’m in a cave. A cave or a cavern. Anyway, I’m inside the earth. God knows how deep inside. Deep enough and far enough that I can’t see any light from an entrance or vent hole. Very deep inside, her heart told her. She was in the loneliest place in the world. And she was going to die here. Hannah had never had claustrophobia before. But now she couldn’t help feeling that the mass of rock around and above her was trying to crush her. It could fall in at any minute, she thought. She felt a physical pressure, as if she were at the bottom of the ocean. She began to have trouble breathing. She had to get her mind off it. She refused to turn into that screaming, gibbering thing in the darkness again. Worse than the thought of dying was the thought of going insane down here. Think about Thierry. When he finds out you’re missing he’ll start looking for you. You know that. And he won’t give up until he finds you. But I’ll be dead by then, she thought involuntarily. This time, instead of fear, the idea of her death brought a strange poignant loneliness. Another life where I missed him, she thought. She blinked against tears suddenly. Oh, God. Great. It’s so hard. So hard to keep hoping that someday it’s going to work out. But I’ll meet him again in my next life. And maybe I won’t be so stupid then; I won’t fall for Maya’s tricks. It’ll be harder for him, I guess. He’ll have to wait and get through the years day by day. I’ll just go to sleep and eventually wake up somewhere else. And then someday he’ll come for me and I’ll remember . . . and then we’ll start all over. I really did try this time, Thierry. I did my best. I didn’t mean to mess things up. Promise me you’ll look for me again. Promise you’ll find me. I promise I’ll wait for you. No matter how long it takes. Hannah shut her eyes, leaning back against the post and almost unconsciously touching the ring he’d given her. Maybe next time she’d remember it. Suddenly she didn’t feel sad or afraid anymore. Just very tired. Eyes still shut, she grinned weakly. I feel old. Like Mom’s always complaining she feels. Ready to turn this old body in and get a new†¦ The thought broke off and disappeared. Was that a noise? Hannah found herself sitting up, leaning forward as far as the rope would allow, straining her ears. She thought she’d heard†¦ yes. There it was again. A solid echoing sound out in the darkness. It sounded like footsteps. And it was coming closer. Yes, yes. I’m rescued, I’m saved. Hannah’s heart was pounding so hard that she could hardly breathe to yell. But at last, just as she saw a bobbing point of light in the blackness, she managed to get out a hoarse squawk. â€Å"Thierry? Hello? I’m over here!† The light kept coming toward her. She could hear the footsteps coming closer. And there was no answer. â€Å"Thierry†¦ ?† Her voice trailed off. Footsteps. The light was big now. It was a beam, a flashlight. Hannah blinked at it. Her heart was slowly sinking, until it seemed to reach stone. And then the flashlight was right in front of her. It shone in her face, dazzling her eyes. Another light snapped on, a small camping lantern. Vision rushed back to Hannah, sending information surging to her brain. But there was no happiness in it. Hannah’s entire body was ice cold now, shivering. Because of course it wasn’t Thierry. It was Maya. I hope I didn’t disturb you,† Maya said. She put down the lantern and what looked like a black backpack. Then she stood with her hands on her hips and looked at Hannah. I will not cry. I won’t give her the satisfaction, Hannah thought. â€Å"I didn’t know vampires could really change into bats,† she said. Maya laughed. She looked beautiful in the pool of lantern light. Her long black hair fell in waves around her, hanging down her back to her hips. Her skin was milky-pale and her eyes looked dark and mysterious. Her laughing mouth was red. She was wearing designer jeans and high-heeled snakeskin boots. Funny, Hannah had never noticed any of Maya’s clothes before. Usually the woman herself was so striking that it was impossible to focus on how she was dressed. â€Å"Not all vampires can shapeshift,† Maya said. â€Å"But, then, I’m not like other vampires. I’m the first, my darling. I’m the original. And I have to say I’m getting really sick of you.† The feeling is mutual, Hannah thought. She said, â€Å"Then why don’t you leave me alone? Why don’t you leave me and Thierry alone?† â€Å"Because, then, my sweetpea, I wouldn’t win. And I have to win.† She looked at Hannah directly, her face oddly serious. â€Å"Don’t you understand that yet?† she said softly. â€Å"I have to win-because I’ve given up too much to lose. It can’t all be for nothing. So winning is all there is.† How to cite Night World : Soulmate Chapter 14, Essay examples

High Expenditure Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty

Question: Describe about the High Expenditure Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Answer: The research intended to investigate all the factors that have a considerable impact on consumer satisfaction as well as loyalty of the travellers of high expenditure. Based on the advancement of the travelling agencies within Hong Kong, the marketers of the travelling agencies within the area turned out to be increasingly interested in revealing the factors that motivates the consumers in selecting the travel agents within Honk Kong and stay satisfied and loyal to them. The researcher also considered to investigate the relationship between the perceived value, business image, positive or negative word of mouth, satisfaction and loyalty of the consumers within several sectors. The research considered investigation of selected travel agencies within the Hong Kong region that greatly targeted the high expenditure consumer groups and revealed the value of relationship between the aforementioned factors. The researcher has followed the philosophy of positivism and deductive research approach to relate the constructed literature with the relevant findings. In addition, the researcher has followed the random sampling technique while selecting the respondents in order to avoid bias in selection procedure. For this particular research, the researcher has used SPSS software in order to convert the responses obtained into meaningful groans, tables and charts. In order to conduct the research, the researcher has gathered relevant data by using the quantitative survey method. The researcher has distributed questionnaires to 400 respondents in Hong Kong, out of which 285 respondents have expressed their interest to participate in the survey process. In addition, the researcher has followed the mixed method of research for evaluating the qualitative and quantitative data. Such information will be mentioned in account to the satisfaction of consumers and advancement of all the Hong Kong travel agencies. Descriptive statistics data analysis technique was employed in this exploration based on which the patterns that resulted out from the gathered information were explained in a better manner. Moreover, in order to generate highly accurate research results, correlation analysis was employed as a statistical technique that will facilitate the in-depth study of the association among two or more research variables. The researcher has employed both p rimary and secondary data to evaluate the consumer loyalty and consumer satisfaction associated with the Hong Kong travel agent. In this research, the gathered information was from the survey questionnaire with overall 30 questions and was divided into six segments and along with that, 285 questionnaires were gathered that collected reviews of the respondents on the aspects of consumer satisfaction and loyalty of customers of the high expectation customers within the travel agent of Hong Kong. From the questionnaire analysis, it was gathered that most of the survey participants were males ad most of them belonged to the age group of 31 to 50 years. The questionnaire survey revealed that most of the respondents were among the members of the loyalty program. Standard deviation results were gathered based on five aforementioned variables those were found to be lesser than 1. This indicated that the total points of information were closer to those in terms of means with decreased variations that can make sure of increased reliability. From the results of the research, it has been evaluated that most of the surveyed respondents travel for a period of 4-6 days and hence, the travel agents need to design the tour packages by keeping this point in mind. In addition, from the survey results, it is found that most of the tourists prefer to visit South-East Asia and China for spending their leisure time. The research investigated the constructive relationship among the satisfaction of consumers and loyalty of the Hong Kong customers. The research results indicated that there is a considerable relationship among the significant relationship between the satisfaction of Hong Kong consumers and maintain moderate relationship between both the variables. This has been upported with the help of correlation and regression outcomes. The histogram regression model evaluation in this research indicated that there is a constructible relationship among the satisfaction of consumers and perceived value. Moreover, scatter plot generated from the histogram demonstrated that the residual distribution comes devoid of any patterns and random meaning that certain errors remain independent and does not stay correlated with other factors. The histogram model analysis indicated that any consumer who places increased rating in the perceived value generally intends to pace a greater rating on the subject of satisfaction of consumer than the ones that place a lower rating on perceived value. Additionally, regression model analysis generated constructive findings taking into account the business image and satisfaction of consumers dependent variables. The results indicate positive relationship between both the variables. The results from the study reveal positive along with strong linear relationship between the business image and satisfaction of Hong Kong customers. The histogram model revealed that it is anticipated consumers intends to offer more ratings on the word-of-mouth than the ones those further places a decreased ratings on word of mouth. The histogram regression mode generated findings that the consumers placing increased ratings on the satisfaction of the consumers intend to place a superior rating on the loyalty of consumers. From the regression and correlation results, it has been found that customer loyalty is largely dependent on customer satisfaction, word of mouth, corporate image and perceived value. It can also be concluded that satisfaction serves as the most vital indicator that helps in measuring the repeat experiencing of the travel agencies services. From the findings of the research it can be ensued that the consumers remain highly satisfied with all the points of interaction that further results in increased loyalty of all the consumers towards the services of the travel agencies. Through efficient measuring of the real level of consumer satisfaction, the consumer service quality can be increased. Recommendations: The results also recommended that the probability for the consumers to offer positive advices concerning all the traditional or offline travel agencies in Hong Kong is considerably higher when the real quality of the service offered by the agencies enhances any specific aspects of the quality. This can be related to either with the tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance or empathy. In addition to that there are numerous options related to service quality terms that can be focused on having a considerably higher personal impact on the Hong Kong consumers making effective recommendations such as the ones concerning traditional or offline travel agencies remains noticeably higher at the time the quality of services related with either the intangible or tangibles enhances. The intangibles consider having considerably increased total larger impact in contrast to the tangibles. The following recommendations could be extremely beneficial to the Hong Kong travel agents for increas ing the loyalty of the tourists: Offer of a well-managed trip: It is of vital importance for a travel agent to make planning for a well-managed trip through evaluating the needs of the customers thoroughly. The evaluation needs to include the expected services, customer budget, hotel selection and tastes and preferences relating to food and beverage. Along with this, the income level of the customers also needs to be taken into consideration before generation of such trip. As per the evaluation of responses obtained, the customers, mostly executives prefer to visit abroad for spending leisure time having high monthly income of above $40,000. Therefore, the Hong Kong travel agents need to provide quality services by increasing the prices for tourism packages. The lodging facilities need to be of high quality, as most of the respondents would prefer to stay in hotels with diversified range of services. For instance, if the customer is a vegetarian, the travel agent in Hong Kong needs to provide the necessary details of the food options available i n the hotels at the time of trip planning. Every aspect needs to be provided with the highest priority to ensure that they are in line with the expectations of the customers. It has been observed that most of the middle-aged customers in Hong Kong travel abroad for spending vacations. For example, if a family is looking for a trip, the travel agent in Hong Kong could offer a package comprising of diverse activities like shopping malls, playgrounds for children and scenic beauty of the nature. Therefore, it is recommended to the travel agents in Hong Kong to place themselves in the shoes of the customers. This would help the agents to identify the exact needs of the customers. Based on this, the travel agents could design the trip, which would help the customers in Hong Long to relax in leisure time. Reduction in time and greater convenience: The main reason for the customers preference to visit a travel agent is to save time or seek help for selecting the best locations, in case, the destination is visiting abroad. Under such circumstances, the customers aim to search for the finest alternative within short span of time and seek advice from the travel agents due to lack of knowledge on selecting the destination trip. This is the area, in which the Hong Kong travel agents could increase the level of customer loyalty by providing finest alternatives within minimum time. Convenience of the customers could be increased by assessing the expectations and preferences of the customers before making trip planning. It is noteworthy that the travel plans could change from time to time due to unanticipated modifications. Therefore, Hong Kong travel agency needs to deliver timely information to the customers regarding any modifications made in the travel plans. This could be accomplished through real-time communication with the customers to notify the occurrence of any unanticipated event. In case, any complexity is encountered, the Hong Kong travel agents need to provide the customers with the other available alternatives that could fulfil their desires. Increasing the time value of money for the customers: It has been observed that the customers often tend to look for potential deals and discounts. Since, the sources of information have increased over time along with the number of travel service providers, the customers often tend to bargain with the travel agents to avail quality services at cheaper prices. This is because when the customers are planning for an abroad trip, they consider the service quality coupled with the pricing structure. Hence, the Hong Kong travel agents need to design a number of holiday packages, which would add higher value to the experiences of the customers. Since, most of the surveyed respondents of Hong Kong prefer to visit China for spending leisure, the Hong Kong travel agents need to design a cost saving approach that would cut down the expenses of the customers. This is because the customers do not will to pay higher than the needed amount. Offering personalised communication: The Hong Kong travel agents need to provide continual support to the customers, whenever any query is raised on the part of the former. The travel agents could apply this method of communication through telephone, web chat or e-mail services. Therefore, it is necessary for the Hong Kong travel agents to determine the actual requirements of the customers and the way they need to hear it before and during purchase of the holiday package. In order to implement the plan, the travel agents in Hong Kong need to train their staffs by incorporating induction programs, which would result in immediate solution of the queries of the customers. Since, most of the customers are interested in visiting China; therefore, the travel agents need to gather all relevant details of the hotels in the nation and queries associated with other services. Thus, delivering effective personalised communication would help in developing loyal customers for the travel agents of Hong Kong. Greater focus on the intangibles: The research also revealed certain practical recommendations for the travel agency marketers in Hong Kong region to develop superior marketing strategies those are meant for addressing the loyalty and the consumer satisfaction needs for the Hong Kong customers. For this reasons, the findings of the research also presented recommendations that indicates any type of travel agency can enhance their quality of services to gain increased benefit in the extended term or for gaining positive word of mouth. Such recommendation is offered as the consumers who perceive that the quality of services offered by the travel agencies in Hong Kong might express higher tendency to offer recommendations to others that further help the travel agencies to gain increased future revenues for its business. In order to attempt to sustain and generate consumer loyalty over the extended period as a major premise for sustainable advantage of any travel and tourism business, the travelling agencies must focus on advancing the intangibles rather than increased investment in the tangible aspects of their business offerings. Limitations: There are several limitations for this research. First, of all the original target for this research was less participants, the data controlling process and the process of conducting the surveys with all the interview participants was considered to be highly time-consuming than the anticipated level. Moreover, it was also observed that the company might prove to be highly advantageous for the consumers are found to highly satisfy with the research when approached by the survey staff. However, holding this demanding position was not able to offer considerable amount of time to carry out research in account to season ability variations in the business. Selecting the survey participants, those were suitable for the interview process turned out to be highly time-consuming process. Despite of formulating many advantageous findings from the exploration, this research is considered to have numerous other study limitations that need to be dealt with in the upcoming exploration. Initially, th e research limitations is considered to be substantial survey questionnaires were produced that resulted in making respondents hold a large time in responding to them. Numerous respondents those were observed to be impatient while filling up the questionnaires in a rushed manner rather than expressing their original feelings about the questionnaire. This issue might have resulted in affecting the accuracy rate of the responded questionnaire. In addition to this, the sampling group that was formed for this exploration was not that sufficient that leads to certain errors in the accuracy rate of the survey respondents. Moreover, the size of sample considered or this study might not accurately demonstrate the overall survey population because of the availability of adequate financial resources and sufficient time limit. Despite such limitations, the findings gathered from this exploration are deemed constructive. Considering the limitation of the study, future research must be beneficial and practical bridging all the imitations of prior investigations. Future Scope of the Research: The hierarchy introduced within this dissertation offers a natural guide to the upcoming research. More specifically, a fresh domain for preference aggression those are expressive will be considered for the study in the future research, after which the research carried out on this exploration subject will gradually shift within the deeper levels. At the time, the hierarchy proposed within this research work offers a high-level guideline within the future research. The research contributions at the specific nodes within the hierarchy of thee research subject advices more precise open directions as well as questions. The remainder of this research work will considerably lay out few promptly accessible revenues in the area of future research. Considering the research limitations the future research can solely focus on employing the secondary information in carrying out the research process. Future research on the study of factors affecting of the high expenditure customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in a Hong Kong travel agent can be done by taking into account whether the travel agencies within Hong Kong can implement certain strategies for additional increase in the satisfaction and loyalty of the consumers along with ensuring increased sale of their offerings. Future research can also consider investigating several new areas of study in addition to consideration the manner of sales promotions for detailed evaluation. In the future research, the researchers must make significant amount of attempts in conducting highly ethical research. Carrying out of the exploration on the selected subject needs to be in a truthful manner along with gathering data for research usage. Primary along with secondary information must be gathered in the future research in conducting quality research and generating highly reliable research findings. Future research on this subject might not be that effective if the researchers do not abide by using ethical exploration techniques in obtaining the research findings. To ensure superior quality and effective research findings, the future research might take into consideration the high expenditure consumers those mainly go for selecting the budgeted travel plans. The future research might consider it highly vital to realize the satisfaction of the consumers those assess limited amount of budget type of travel plans. In the future research, researchers must employ innovative techniques of great number of consumers for the business organization. In the future research, the researchers will take more than one travel agency along with carrying out research work for exploring the satisfaction of consumer factor. For this reason, it is extremely vital to gather several perspectives from the customers those attains packages from several travel agencies for gaining superior idea of the conce pt of satisfaction of consumer along with the travel agencies within the Hong Kong agencies. In the future research, the research is offered advice-trading taking extra care of the environment along with the interview place. Researcher is advanced to make considerable arrangements in order to carry out continuous medical supervision at the place of interview for any type of medical support. Researchers must make significant arrangements for carrying out regular medical supervision at the venue of interview and must take prior concept of the survey participants in order to gather whether they show good interest in partaking within the exploration work. This will address the limitations discovered in this investigation and this will help in gathering reliable answers from the target survey participants. Moreover, the survey conducted in the future research must allow the survey participants to choose to leave the survey at any duration of the project completion if they do not feel comfortable worth the process of interview.

The Success of the Roman Army an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The Success of the Roman Army At its height, the Roman Empire has been considered as one of the greatest empires of the Old World. In a span of two centuries, it had stretched its borders to gain control of the Italian peninsula (Manas 24). The driving force behind the success of the Roman Empire was its army. The Roman army was considered to be the ultimate fighting machine of the Old World. At full strength, one Roman legion can be made up of over 10,000 men with 4,200 infantry, 4,200 footmen, 600 horsemen and 300 calvary men called the Eques Legionis. Over time, the soldiers serving in the army were composed of Romans and auxiliaries who are soldiers from the allied provinces of the empire (MacMullen 228; Santosuosso 18). The success of the Roman army in conquering the modern world could be attributed to three prime factors: the weaponry used in combat, their military tactics and the frame of mind of the soldiers. This paper will discuss in detail these three factors. Need essay sample on "The Success of the Roman Army" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Frequently Tell Us: I'm don't want to write my paper online. I want to spend time with my family Our writers advise: Winning Academic Essay Writing Delivered On Time All Roman soldiers were equipped with three basic weapons: a shield, a sword and two javelins with one lighter than the other. The shield used by a Roman soldier is called a scutum. It is a curved, oblong shield that measures 1.2 meters in height, 75 centimeters in width and weighs about 10 kilograms. It is made up of two wooden sheets joined together and then wrapped with canvass and calf skin. The top and bottom and center parts are made up of iron. The Roman utilizes the scutum both as a defensive tool as well as an offensive weapon. The weight of the scutum allows the Roman soldier to force down an enemy to the ground. As a defense tool, the Roman soldier would anchor the scutum on the ground to protect him while attacking his adversaries. The metal boss in the middle of the scutum protects the soldier from the onslaught of stones, missiles and spears from the opponent (Burns 64,75; Santosuosso 16-17). The primary weapon used by the Romans in battle is a short, double-edge sword called a gladius. The entire sword has a length of 76 centimeters with the blade measuring between 50 and 55 centimeters. The construction of the gladius not only makes it easy for a soldier to maneuver it during close range combat, but it is also more likely to strike an enemys vital organs when it is used in a thrusting motion. This makes the gladius an efficient and lethal weapon (Santosuosso 17). Every Roman soldier is also equipped with two javelins called pila (plural form of pilum). Each pilum is composed of two parts: an iron topped that measures about 135 centimeters long with a flat and polygonal barbed blade at its tip and a long wooden shaft. The iron section is fastened using two rivets in order from preventing the iron section to break off during battle. The rivets also helps the pila in lodging either onto the ground or on the bodies of the enemies firmly that it prevents the soldiers adversaries from using it against them (Santosuosso 17-18). The Romans protected their bodies with bronze breast and back plates fastened with the use of hinges which they have adopted from the Greeks. Eventually, the more affluent members of the Roman army began to use mail armor and Montefortino type helmets. By the middle of the third century, all members of the Roman army began to equip themselves with open-faced helmets made from a single piece of bronze that had a close-fitting bowl to protect the skull and a neck guard slopping down under the ears. This new helmet, adopted from the Samno-Attics, were more effective since it was less tiring to wear and less likely to be knocked askew while the soldier is in transit or in battle. It was also cheaper and easier to make, making mass production possible (Burns 71-74). During a battle, the Roman army was divided into four lines: one line of light infantry called the velites and three lines of heavy infantry. Except for the third heavy infantry line, each line is composed of ten maniples ad two centuries, which is the smallest unit of the Roman army. Each maniple is then deployed in a manner resembling that of a check board. The third infantry line were further equipped with a thrusting spear and were arranged in a close-ordered formation, similar to that of the phalanx formation used by the Macedonians (Burns 65; Santosuosso 18-20). The tactics employed by the Romans in battle is one that provided them as much room for them to maneuver around their enemies as possible. The light infantry was tasked to disorganize the enemy, reveal its vulnerable areas and cause damage from a distance. Only when the light infantry has been successful with this would the heavy infantry bring the battle to the enemy and engage in close quarter combat (Burns 65, 75; Santosuosso 19-20). As the war campaigns lasted longer in more remote areas involving more superior adversaries, modifications were made to make their military tactics more efficient. One of the modifications that they made was the utilization of a larger basic military unit called the cohort which is composed of 600 men. The Romans also studied their enemies military tactics and would use those that they have found effective in later conquests. One such incident was the modification of how the commanders govern their armies after the battle in the Allia where they have discovered that insufficient leadership in the battlefield on the part of the Roman commanders caused the soldiers to be overwhelmed by the Gallic army which resulted in them breaking their ranks during battle (Burns 63-64; Santosuosso 20-21). Perhaps the biggest change to the Roman army was seen in the political will of Emperor Augustus. In it, the emperor had considered the Roman army not as the army of Rome as many have viewed it, but as the army of the Empire. Not only did this change the role of the Roman army as the guardian of the state, but it had also meant that the reigning emperor is also the commander-in-chief of the army as well (Patterson 99; Santosuosso 90). However, what made the Roman army an extremely powerful force were the soldiers themselves. The Roman Empire had a very strong military culture. The Romans revered military achievement above everything else. They were more than willing to give their consent to the Roman army to engage in combat with their adversaries since a successful battle would mean that Rome would gain a new province as well as its wealth and the victory would be a message to their adversaries of their superiority. Moreover, they viewed serving in the Roman army is the greatest service a Roman man can do (Rich 41, 56, 65; Patterson 93, 97). Prior to 107 BC, only the affluent men of Rome are allowed to enlist in the Roman army since their wealth would determine their rank in the army. Eventually, the Roman army was opened to all male Romans citizens except for slaves, adulterers and criminals who were physically healthy, muscular, and alert. As a result, majority of the male citizens of the Empire were involved in military service, making it easy for the army to call on reserves from both Roman citizens and its allies (Patterson 93; Rich 53; Santosuosso 10, 46, 91-92). Once enlisted, a Roman would need to undergo four months training as a recruit. Upon completion of the recruitment period, he would then take his oath in the presence of the gods and the emperor as a full fledge solider of the Roman army. However, the training did not stop after the individual was welcomed into the army. Roman soldiers would practice battle drills continuously to increase the stamina of the soldiers which is crucial in battles. This has made the Roman army into a professional standing army (Patterson 96; Santosuosso 91-92). Since enlistment to the army is voluntary, the empire rewards the soldiers with a number of benefits. These benefits include donations upon retirement as well as their sons being able to enter the Senate once they are of age (Patterson 97). Although the Roman army had always been seen as a symbol of honor, bravery and the army of Rome itself, not the army of the emperor, this had not always been the case. For a time, they had become corrupted and no longer became the guardians of Rome. It was only when Julius Caesar came into power that the Roman army once again regained its good name among the citizens of Rome (Santosuosso 28). Although the Roman army had its shares of defeats and failures, it would be remembered for its discipline and superior military tactics (Santosuosso 21). They were able to conquer their enemies not only by assimilating their tactics and weaponry, but they also began to think like their enemies. It was composed of men who were well-trained in battle and firmly believed that in spite of the bloodshed and loss of life, each battle was for the glory of the empire and for the glory of Rome. In the end, the Roman army entered the pages of history as a symbol of honor, bravery and patriotism, and perhaps the greatest army history has ever seen. Works Cited Burns, Michael T. The Homogenisation Military Equipment Under the Roman Republic. 2003. 04 February 2008. Manas, J. Lessons from the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire: An Ancient Guide to Modern Project Management. Patterson, John. "Military organization and social change in the later Roman Republic." War and Society in the Roman Word Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancienty Society. Ed. John Rich and Graham Shipley Vol. 5. New York: Routledge, 1993. pp. 92-109. NetLibrary. Pellissippi State Tech. Coll. Lib., Knoxville, TN. 04 February 2008. Rich, John. "Fear, greed and glory: the causes of Roman war-making in the middle Republic." War and Society in the Roman Word Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society. Ed. John Rich and Graham Shipley Vol. 5. New York: Routledge, 1993. pp. 38-66. NetLibrary. Pellissippi State Tech. Coll. Lib., Knoxville, TN.

Examining The Traditional Indigenous Community Structures Religion Essays

Examining The Traditional Indigenous Community Structures Religion Essays Examining The Traditional Indigenous Community Structures Religion Essay Examining The Traditional Indigenous Community Structures Religion Essay Traditional Autochthonal communities were really structured and the people within them abided by many hereditary Torahs and ordinances. Autochthonal people believe that all their customary Torahs were established during the Dreamtime ( the clip of creative activity ) by their ascendants. These Torahs determined the appropriate behaviors of different people within the folk. The Torahs besides decided which nutrients could be eaten, how nutrient should be shared, people s rights and duties, household regulations, matrimony agreements, spiritual responsibilities and penalties for those who broke the regulations ( Customary Law, Traditional Life, Aboriginal People and Torres Strait Islanders, 2005 ) . 2.0 The diverseness of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Torahs There are about five-hundred known Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander states ( Hamper et.al, 2009, p.58 ) . Within each of these states are a figure of kins. Each of these kins has their ain district, traditions and rites and has developed a alone jurisprudence. Therefore, there are 1000s of signifiers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples customary jurisprudence. However, all of the kins have a religious footing by which to organize their jurisprudence. For illustration, the Dreamtime is of great importance to the constitution of the jurisprudence and the function of the land and spiritualty in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary jurisprudence. 3.0 The religious nature of customary jurisprudence The chief rule of traditional Aboriginal society is belief in the unity of the religious, human and natural universe ( Aspects of Traditional Aboriginal Australia, 2007 ) . Aboriginal spiritualty is based on the Dreaming ( derived from Dreamtime ) , Totems and connexion with land and organic structures of H2O. 3.1 The Dream This religious worldview is known as the Dreaming, and it permeates every facet of traditional Aboriginal life. The importance of the Dreamtime lies in the manner it tells how the liquors made and maintained the land and how they laid down the jurisprudence. The kernel of the Dreaming is that every portion of the life force the Ancestral Beings, the land, the sea, worlds, zoologies, vegetations and natural phenomena is inextricably and everlastingly connected to every other portion. Furthermore, through the observation of ritual and ceremonial, worlds are able to come in into a direct relationship with the Dreaming ( Aspects of Traditional Aboriginal Australia, 2007 ) 3.2 Totems An of import facet of Aboriginal spiritualty is the belief that every individual has a totem. Totemism describes the relationship between an person with a works or animate being species, or a status or a state of affairs. In traditional Aboriginal belief each individual s totem originates in the topographic point where that individual s female parent was impregnated with a spirit kid. Spirit kids are released in peculiar sacred topographic points by the Ancestral Beings. For illustration, a pregnant adult female near the site of a goanna will er unborn kid is instantly affiliated with the goanna totem31. 3.3 Connection with land and organic structures of H2O The close bonds between Aboriginal people and the physical and religious universes are particularly evident in relation to land. Land is vested in each member of the linguistic communication group as a sacred legacy from the Dreaming, and thereby provides the foundation for the group s being. Each group s district is physically, spiritually, economically and culturally indispensable for endurance. Consequently, connexion to land is an built-in portion of the mind of every individual within the linguistic communication group. 4.0 The characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres strait Islander jurisprudence There are four cardinal characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples customary jurisprudence ; orally based, understanding on Torahs throughout the whole group, household and affinity ties and, based on rites and traditions. A cardinal characteristic of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander jurisprudence is the construct of shared ownership of the land and resources. This construct is in desolate in contrast to European jurisprudence, which is devoted to the rule of private ownership 5.0 Ritual and unwritten traditions The rites that each kin practiced came from their assorted readings of the Dreamtime. These rites were found in all countries of life, including faith and customary jurisprudence. In a similar manner to European jurisprudence, hence, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary jurisprudence has a strong ritual component. For illustration, ritual ceremonials affecting particular sacred sites, vocal rhythms are accompanied by dance, and organic structure picture, and even athleticss ( Autochthonal Traditions Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, 2006 ) . One of the chief characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary jurisprudence is that it is unwritten jurisprudence. This means that the jurisprudence is non written down but alternatively transmitted by word of oral cavity. Each coevals must retrieve the Torahs and so go through them on to the undermentioned coevals. Songs, dance and narratives were used to assist members of the kin retrieve the assorted Torahs that applied to their group. One of the jobs associated with unwritten jurisprudence is that it can be forgotten or misinterpreted. As one coevals passes on the jurisprudence to another, it is easy for it to be inadvertently modified. To get the better of this job, Aboriginal people would merely disregard a jurisprudence that had changed to the point that it was now unfair. This is one of the chief advantages of unwritten jurisprudence: its flexibleness. As a society adapts, so can the jurisprudence. In European-based legal systems, altering the jurisprudence involves a long and normally time-consuming procedure ; as a effect, the legal system can go out of measure with the outlook of society. 6.0 Dispute Resolution Dispute declaration involves mediation and conciliation carried out by seniors of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Mediation involves all parties involved in a difference speaking through their issues and seeking to decide their jobs through dialogue. Rather than passing out penalty to a individual who broke tribal Torahs or imposts, Autochthonal legal tradition holds that it is better to hold a household member talk to the person and effort to decide the job by treatment. Where a difference could non be resolved through mediation, conciliation would be used. In this method of difference declaration, the seniors of the folk would run into with the people in the struggle and effort to help them to make a declaration through treatment and duologue. Their gray hair frequently identifies seniors, nevertheless, younger wise work forces would besides take part in meetings. However, the seniors in Autochthonal communities are deceasing out doing it hard to include them in meetings. 7.0 Sanctions There are legion countenances within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples customary jurisprudence. The primary countenances include: societal ridicule and isolation, retaliation, contending and contemptuous, test by ordeal and, inquest. Tribal penalty is existing in Aboriginal civilization. Traditional penalty is a subdivision of customary jurisprudence ; punishes wrongdoers violatin and transgressing Aboriginal community values. Theway in which penalty is laid out is similar to that of the Australian felon justness system. A meeting is held consisting the accused, complainant and seniors who decide the punishment and the badness of penalty. An illustration of a common penalty is the accused being speared a figure of times in the thigh. 8.0 You should reason your study with an sentiment, supported by grounds, as to whether the two signifiers of jurisprudence under consideration are compatible and could co-exist in Australia. There are important differences between the modern Australian legal system based on English common jurisprudence and Indigenous customary Torahs. Under Australian jurisprudence there is a clear separation between legal affairs and spiritual societal and moral values. However, traditional Aboriginal jurisprudence is ineluctably based on Aboriginal faith ; the Dreamtime provides the acceptable codifications of behavior in all facets of life. Some countries of customary jurisprudence are compatible in Australia such as mediation and acknowledgment of traditional land. A signifier of mediation referred to as circle sentencing has been incorporated into the condemnable justness system. For illustration, the Koori tribunal, an enterprise of the Victorian Aboriginal Justice Agreement, aims to right overrepresentation of Autochthonal wrongdoers in the condemnable justness system through the debut of justice-related plans and services in partnership with the Koori community ( Message Stick Koori Court, 2005 ) . The members of the Koori Court comprise community leaders, a magistrate and an senior of the community. Tests of circle condemning in different countries of Australia have been successful. Circle sentencing has reduced the barriers that presently exist between Courts and led to betterments in the degree of support for Aboriginal wrongdoers ( Lawlink NSW: 3. Aboriginal Customary Law, 2000 ) . In add-on, the Lardil Peoples v. State of Queensland [ 2004 ] FCA 298 demonstrates the turning acknowledgment of importance of organic structures of H2O to the Autochthonal Australians. The traditional proprietors ( the Lardil, Yangkaal, Kaidilt and Gangalidda peoples ) were able to show a strong religious and cultural connexion to the organic structures of H2O and, hence granted native rubric. ( Hamper, 2009, p.61Legal surveies Preliminary 3rd edition Publisher: Pearson 2009 Writers: David Hamper et.al, Bruce Derwent, John boesenberg, Michael Hayes, Nerida thiering ) There are many conflictions between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary jurisprudence and Australian felon jurisprudence. Many of the traditions accepted in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander civilizations are offenses in Australian common jurisprudence. For illustration, For illustration, in 2002, a 50 year-old year-old Arnhem Land adult male, Jackie Pascoe, was sentenced to one-day gaol for holding improper sexual dealingss with his 17-year-old bride.[ 1 ]This was due to Aboriginal traditions allowing dealingss with his underage promised married woman ( SSABSA, Cultural Punishment, 2005 ) . Contemporary Australian jurisprudence relies on isolation from the community alternatively of physical penalty. The condemnable justness system sends people to imprison, sometimes for old ages and old ages. That means that they can non be with their household and can non travel to work. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary jurisprudence is dependent on countenances such as retaliation, test by ordeal, inquest and other signifiers of penalty. European jurisprudence resents tribal penalty for the ground that there is a important hazard that penalty would affect improper physical force and the tribunals can non excuse improper Acts of the Apostless. A instance heard in 2004, in the Northern Territory Supreme Court granted bond to Anthony, a traditional Walpiri adult male who had murdered his married woman. Elders from Lajamanu informed the NT Supreme Court about the penalty he will have when Anthony returns to Lajamanu ; he would be speared in the leg about four times by the household of the adult female he was accused of killing. Anthony consented to Revenge saying that he may be cursed by Aboriginal thaumaturgy that may kill him or his household may be in danger if he did non undergo the traditional penalty. However, Chief Justice Brian Martin ruled that the penalty would ensue in dangerous bodily injury, and therefore be improper in footings of NT statute law. On the 23rd of March, 2004, Jeremy Anthony was arrested at Katherine Hospital after intervention for a broken arm and leg hurts. He was allegedly in breach of his bond conditions when he visited Lajamanu to undergo tribal penalty ( Mildren, 2003 ) . This instance portrays the uninterrupted job that occurs when traditional Aboriginal people are caught between two Torahs: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary jurisprudence and Australian felon jurisprudence. To this twenty-four hours, traditional autochthonal Australians follow customary jurisprudence, therefore normally transgressing Australian condemnable jurisprudence. The two sytems of jurisprudence can non co-exist aboard each other as Aboriginal people may confront two penalties from each of the sytems which breaches Sentencing Act 1995. Australian common jurisprudence has accepted that a individual can non be punished twice for the same offence.If an wrongdoer is sent to gaol, the wrongdoer will acquire his/her penalty by the customary jurisprudence system, either before acquiring sentenced or after. However, this is non merely as this will burthen Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with another penalty from one of the two systems.

Management Research Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Research Exam Questions - Assignment Example Firstly, the ordinal scale of measurement is one that attempts to provide a ranking of different orders. For instance, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th would be considered as ordinal. Such a ranking and listing is useful in many cases as a means of providing a degree of perspective for the researcher/reader that would otherwise not be reflected. Similarly, nominal variables are those that are generally entirely qualitative. As such, the differential between one item and another is predicated first and foremost upon the names that they individually represent and the means through which comparison can be drawn based upon this. Examples of nominal ranking and variables can be understood with regards to style, genre, and or biology. Interval scales/variables are useful with regards to understanding a degree of difference. For instance, the temperature scale of Celsius would be a perfect example. One can clearly denote that a temperature shift from 20-40 degrees in Celsius would represent a situati on in which it becomes â€Å"twice as hot† as it was previously. As such, an interval scale need not only be applied to scientific measurement. As with so many of the other scales that exist throughout this discussion, an interval scale is also useful with regards to applying it in any litany of different situations. Finally, ratio type variables are useful in helping to measure or understand a type of differential between two otherwise non-comparable entities. Ratios are used in a great variety of different genres but are most specifically useful with regards to comparing impact or profitability of one group as compared to another. However, with that being said, ratios, although not used within the hard sciences to the same extent to which the other means of measurement are, can be effective in denoting the differential between two forms of measurement. Whereas it may seem as somewhat confusing what the reason and/or rational is behind all of these different forms of variabl es/measurement; however, the fact of the matter is that they all ultimately serve the same root purpose. This purpose is namely to allow the individual to categorize and define the broad levels of information that greet them during the course of the human experience. b. Discuss how each of them may be used in management research. Provide examples to support your discussion. A primary usage of the ordinal scale would be with regards to comparing and contrasting work performance based upon those that have been able to exhibit a very high percentage of efficiency/profitability or utility for the firm or organization in question. This ordinal scale is useful within the realm of management but should not be overused as there are unique human emotions and dynamics that tend to get lost when one focuses specifically upon a ranking of individuals or work goals that can be compared to one another. Ultimately, even though the ordinal scale is useful, the practitioner should seek to vary their approach to using this scale due to the fact that overuse would lend itself to something of a type of scientific management. The use of nominal variables is especially helpful with respect to allowing a particular stakeholder to understanding the realities of the work that is being performed. As compared to ordinal scales or variables, nominal ones do not require that an individual categorize or compare themselves based upon a ranking. Rather, the numbers

Business communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business communication - Essay Example I did research on print media, television, outdoor billboards, conferences and web page advertisements. I found out that television has the advantage of high concentration information and attracts high attention from viewers hence being one of the best media for reaching many people. I also realized that Product launch conferences were also appealing to high-end customers who want to get firsthand information about the product directly from manufacturers at the first instance of the products availability. Magazine as an avenue for print media was also appealing to the audience especially those that that have specific tastes in certain customized magazines. Placing adverts in such magazines enhances its appeal to people. This whole exercise took me about one week to gather and present in a coherent manner. Initially, I thought the area I was assigned to research on was quite wide for one person. I had this opinion especially having in mind the whole field of advertisement and the different considerations one has to make before placing a given product to a given medium. This, however, changed after I had realized I was not to cover social media and outdoor advertisement. I also realized that other members were also assigned areas that were even wider than what I was allocated and that required much to research on. In fact, the task took me less effort and time than I anticipated because with the help of other group members. I learned that teamwork is better and that a task may appear difficult only before being started. Also, I got to learn more about the different types of media advertisements, their applicability, and advantages. By the end of the group task, I was knowledgeable in presentation tactics as a skill that I will be able to apply in official work when employed. Given another chance, I would still prefer to work with these group members. I realized the group had a challenge of lacking the needed concentration at the initial stages. This

Information based decision making Unit 5002 Essay

Information based decision making Unit 5002 - Essay Example Quality Business management is one of the most important business exceptionality of this century. It has added a thoroughly stranded manner to compact by means of imperfections in fabrication, focused attentiveness on clients, as well as painted participative organizational carry outs in business. In this research I will present the main ideas regarding effective decision making through the use of the organizational business information. This research is basically aimed to discuss the overall process and implementation of the business information regarding the effective decision making. The better decision in the organizational environment is very essential and its effectives provide the business better management and handling overall tasks. There have been efforts to reproduce its accomplishment in community services, run associations also information systems. Despite the fact that, business quality management has its main drawing out point in collection of the better and functional information for the better decision making and enhanced project management (Lillrank, 2003). A number of researches pointed out that deprived, defective, not on time or missing information is supposed as a the majority severe business quality crisis. It is emphasized that business information should not be handled the same as a plain by-product of a variety of actions on the other hand by means of the similar significance as products. Quality of information, though, appears to be a subtle theory (Salmela, 1997). Quality of the information is an expression to demonstrate the significance of the most important elements of the organizational information systems. It is frequently described as: â€Å"The potency for utilization of the business information present (Garvin, 1988)" Though this is working for the majority daily functions, experts frequently make use of additional complex models anticipated for business information quality. The greater part of

How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essay

How Important Is Home Stay To Thai Tourism Tourism Essay The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of home stay accommodation to Thai tourism. The first concern of this paper is to identify the definition of home stay, identify the group of customers who like to use home stay accommodation in Thailand and also discover the activities that prove to be attractive to them. The second concern of this paper is that the development and expansion of a home stay destination should lead to advantages such as an increase in local income and employment opportunities. On the other hand, when too many tourists come to an unspoilt area it can have an adverse effect on the balance of natural ecology. For example, two places, namely Pai in Mae Hong Son province, one of the most popular home stay destinations in the North which is over developed , and Chiang Khan in Loei province, a developing home stay destination in the northeast of Thailand. Some people said that Chiang Khan is Pai of the past. Within Pai itself, there is a movement to resi st against the excesses that has spoilt Pai and destroyed its peaceful rural character that had drawn people to it in the first place. Thailand is a developing country that attempts to grow and tourism is an industry that can significantly help stimulate economic growth. Consequently, when home stay tourism improves, it will expand the power of supply and help draw more tourists. Therefore, sustainable development is the better way to balance the development and maintain the original character. Logically, the more travel destinations developed, the more tourists will come and the more money the country will earn. Keywords: Home stay, Thailand, Sustainable development Introduction Tourism makes a major contribution to Thailands economy. Most tourists come to Thailand for various reasons mostly for the beaches and relaxation. The friendly, easy-going ways of the Thai people also proves a draw to most tourists, as well as the rich Thai culture, customs and history. The new marketing slogan which was adopted in mid 2009, Amazing Thailand, Amazing Value, and the governments stimulation package also seemed to have helped reverse the downward trend for the latter half of 2009 and for the present year. Moreover, nowadays, most people are concerned about the effect of global warming and are returning to nature; in another word Green has become a new catchword for tourists. Not only Green but also Sustainable are the popular words more and more tourists are fanning out into the countryside to be closer to nature. Consequently, rural tourism makes use of the countryside as a destination. It is a significant sector of overall tourism market in many countries. It will affect not only the environment but also the economy and social structure of the countryside. The number of activities that tourists participate in has grown. For example, agri-tourism (agricultural, festivals and other cultural events), green tourism (considered to be more environmentally friendly) and ecotourism (nature tourism). Home stay is a part of rural tourism. In addition, sustainable tourism development is synonymous with rural tourism. Nowadays, home stay tourism in Thailand has become very popular for both dome stic and foreign tourists. Part of the reason may be due to the effect of the world economic crisis, with most tourists worrying about their budget and travelling in this kind of home stay tourism costs less. So, the Thai Government rapidly develop Thai home stay to meet this new demand for economical packages. But it can be a two-edged sword with both positive and negative sides. Therefore, we must find the right balance. Definition of Home stay Home stay is a form of tourism that allows the visitor to rent a room from a local family to stay and better learn the local lifestyle and share their culture. It is comparable to the western concept of bed and breakfasts. A home stay property is a non-commercialized, private residence that accommodates paying guest(s) who enjoy staying in the comfort and security of a family home. In Thailand, the history of home stay began with students who were volunteers for rural development camps and who stayed with the local people during the course of their camp. Then, National Economic and Social plan 8th emphasized the development of communities and decentralization to local areas and home stay had its first formal recognition. The attraction of home stay is the way of life of the local people and natural attractions are not always considered an essential part. There are two types of home stay in Thailand which are the original and practical. In the original home stay concept, tourists stay with the host and live under the same conditions as the owner. In the practical home stay, conditions are improved for more physical comfort but the concept of an easy way of life and unique culture is not abandoned. However, the significance of home stay is participation in community life in which local people manage activities together. The activities vary from place to place and according to seasonal variations. They may include Thai culinary, Thai massage, farm life etc. Moreover, OTOP (One tambon one product) is a concept whereby local people are encouraged to make local products for sale to boost their income. The owners are encouraged to think that each visitor is a guest, not just a tourist (tourismthailand.org). They are a part of the family. Home stay is just another job for the home owner. When tourists come he will extend them his welcome but he still retains his main job such as fisherman or farmer. The advantages of home stay are the local knowledge that will be gained from the host, understanding the easy way of life and experience the natural kindness of the local people. Moreover, the local people receive more income but they do not abandon their main job. In addition, they share the experience with the tourists, get more friends and the community can become strong. In the age of globalization, many people live in a competitive world so many people now want to explore the easy life and a life of simple sufficiency as an alternative way of life. An additional benefit of home stay accommodation is that most of the money earned goes to the grassroot local people, rather into a large conglomerate? The local home owners get most of the money paid by the tourists. This has a more substantial benefit to a community, rather that if a large hotel chain was to open a large hotel and merely employ local people as hotel staff. Most of the earnings will then go to the hotel chain, with most of it likely sent out of the country. The owner and accommodation should meet the standard of home stay in Thailand. The Tourism Authority of Thailand has set 10 standards and 31 indicators. Demand for home stay in Thailand The majority of income in Thailand comes from agriculture and tourism. Income from tourism is significant for the Thai economy in terms of expanding and stability of the economy. Tourism in Thailand caters both to domestic and foreign travelers. Nowadays, Thailand in faced with negative situations which decreased the confidence of tourists from 2008 until now. TAT expects the number of international tourists will grow at around 7 to 10% to approximately 15.0 to 15.5 million in 2010 (Tourism Authority of Thailand.com). The Bank of Thailand stated that there are 1.6 million foreign tourists who traveled to Thailand in February 2010 which represented a drop from last year. Domestic tourists were not particularly affected by the political situation. It was more influenced by the economic slowdown and fluctuating oil prices in the first and second quarters of 2009. Local travelers have changed their travelling habits, are more conscious of travel expenses, and are tending to visit tourist destinations closer to home (Tourism Authority of Thailand.com). The Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board predicted the economy would grow at 3 to 4% due to the global economic recovery and the governments Thai Khem Khaeng (Stronger Thailand) economic stimulus programme. New tourist attractions and activities that reflect the culture and style of a particular region will also be introduced. Therefore, the government supports and aims at the recovery of the Thai tourism market through marketing campaigns namely road shows to restore the image of Thailand and promotional advertisements under the Amazing Thailand, Amazing Value concept. Home stay is one of the better destinations which has proved attractive to both international and domestic tourists. It is a part of tourism in Thailand which continues to grow and earn income because it is set in rural areas far from the negative effects of political disturbances, is not expensive and brings visitors into close contact with nature. The tourists can relax among friendly local people. Therefore, the measurement and understanding of the demand and supply for tourism is important to overall tourism planning and management. We will know overall picture of the development, growth and value of tourism. All tourist behavior or activity results from motivation. Motivation is the context of the demand for tourism. Motivations have both push and pull factors together. The push factors are socio-psychological motives (person-specific factors). The pull factors are motives aroused by the destination (destination-specific factors). Tourists who go to home stay destinations usually have both push and pull factors. They want to relax, be close to nature and share knowledge, which are push factors. The pull factors are from the easy way of life of the people, unique culture and eco-friendliness. For example, a mini-farm is a magnet for tourists who travel with children. Mostly, domestic tourists usually go to home stay by car because some places are not far from urban centers such as Bangkok. It does not take too much time to immerse oneself in relaxation, fresh air and escape from the complicated city life. In contrast, international tourists mostly are backpackers usually stay a long time in home stays because of cheap prices but also because of the calmness, relaxed life style and the ability to e xplore new experience. Supply of the Home stay in Thailand On the supply side, the development of home stay is happening in Thailand. It is stimulated by the demand which comes from tourist needs. Some people want more comfort, some want plain, simple facilities, others demand higher standards. So, the local people work together toward the development of standards for home stay facilities in Thailand. Sometime, the popularity of a destination can lead to mass tourism. Mass tourism is a situation where a large number of tourists go to one place, sometime leading to an overload of local facilities. This can lead to further development of transport and other utilities until the easy way of life disappears. Moreover, it will adversely affect to the environment. Pai in Mae Hong Son province and Chiang Khan in Loei province are examples of popular home stay destinations in Thailand that have been developed to different degrees. One has already been spoilt and the other is resisting against a tendency toward over development. Pai is a small district in Mae Hong Son which was an ideal destination, being nestled in a small valley surrounded by mountains with cool weather. It was a romantic spot with friendly people can rich culture. Some people have referred to the village as called Uto-Pai, mimicking the name Utopia of Sir Thomas More. All this has made Pai very well known as hoards of tourists are drawn to it. Material development followed and soon the small village of Pai had its own air strip where tourists can arrive after a mere 25 minutes from Chiang Mai. Hotels and resorts also sprang up in its wake. All these development had a negative effect on the local inhabitant; while they used to be wont to retiring to bed early after a hard days work, they are now disturbed by loud music at entertainment places late at night. Music festivals became weekly events in the winter months. Some local people sold their land to capitalists and move to the foothills for the sake of peace and quiet. These changes reflect the fact that Pai is changing rapidly in both positive and negative ways. In addition, local children are falling to temptations from the western ways of tourists. Some local people said these development are more like deterioration. Not only Pai but Chiang Khan (a district on the bank of the Mekong river in Loei province), a relatively recent home stay destination, is facing similar problems. The conflict between local people and government is looming. The government wants to develop the town to cater to more and more tourists, but many local people want to see a steady growth of Chiang Khan. They want Chiang Khan to be strong, to retain its rural qualities and control itself. They do not want more bright lights in Chiang Khan, do not want to follow the modern trend because tourists come and go rapidly and do not stay a long time. Nowadays, some of the local people in Chiang Khan are already closing rank in a fight against rapidly over development. They have formed a tourism association within which they discussed the problems of westernization and over development which has plagued Pai. They have started a website where every one is welcomed to add comments. They are fighting against bright lights, loud music a nd weekend concerts that have combined to destroyed Pais rural character. They want tourism in Chiang Khan to be sustainable. They do not want Chiang Khan to have luxury boutique hotels, modern pubs or franchise coffee shop chains. They want Chiang Khan to retain its rural character with an easy way of life, home stays based on original houses without elaborate decoration, so when tourists come they will feel like they are the part of the family and coffee is still hand-brewed traditional coffee. Some people said that Chiang Khan is Pai of the past. Therefore, before Chiang Khan changes like Pai we must to help each other. Sustainable development of Home stay in Thailand Tourism, if developed locally, can help to ease the poverty problem, reduce income disparity and achieve a friendly environment as well as common prosperity. Tourism brings not only benefits but also costs and if not well managed may undermine its sustainability in the long run. In Thailand, tourism has a positive income generating effect but potentially worsening income distribution (Mingsan Kaosa-ard 2006). The best way to balance the development is through sustainable development in which every part must work together. Sustainable Development is development that satisfies the customer needs now but does not destroy tomorrows resources. The Pareto Optimum states that no one can be made better off by making someone worse off (businessdictionary.com). Customer demands lead to marketing research and material development. That is the marketing process. After that, planning and management are essential for achieving successful tourism development. Sustainable Tourism Development emphasizes the management of tourism industry must adapt itself according to the changing face of the world in term of sustainable pattern. There are three parameters of sustainability which are economic (well being), environment (ecological balance) and socio-cultural considerations (Sense of community and security). For example, the development should makes more money while at the same time have a minimum effect on the environment and social-cultural framework. The key to sustainable tourism development is to educate communities so that they understand the negative impacts of mass tourism and the limit to the ecosystems carrying capacity, and to develop diversified tourist products that can minimize the negative impact of mass tourism. For instance, in France they have standard and label for accommodation which confirm the standard and evaluate the standard and quality every five years. The label is one of marketing strategy which make good picture of the product. Moreover, they separate the demand equal in every areas and every part works together. Those are the good example for the development of home stay which Thailand should adapt for the development of home stay in Thailand. Amphawa floating market (Plai Pong Pag community) is a good example of home stay in Thailand which supports many tourists every year. It affects the quality of life of the local people, while the rapidly rising number of tourists has unavoidably led to a deterioration in the environment. Most of the home stay places have not attained the standard of home stay in Thailand even though this is the first community to launch the concept of home stay, but they have failed to meet the home stay standards. Because some home stay have transformed their homes so much that they became more like resorts and they do not match the qualifications of the home stay standard. Home stay will get the standard when they do not add more building and tourists must stay with the owner. According to that problem, National economic and social plan 9th stated that sustainable tourism in Thailand which wants to be a quality destination and ready in supply of tourism for support many tourists. We can transmit knowledge of France to Thailand; not in its entirety but we can adapt it. The government should have an effective and systemic plan such as setting policies or laws for the community and provide for penalties for culprits. It is hard for the government in Thailand to extend proper care to the home stay business in some communities because the local people worry about taxation and are not always forthcoming with information for the government. So, the government should establish an institute which can win the confidence of the local people and demonstrate the significance of the standard and effective management to the local people. The negative impacts on Pai and Chiang Khan happened because of civilization, but the impact on Amphawa was due to the ignorance of the local people. Therefore, the development is a two-edged sword that can have both advantages and disadvantages if we are ineffective. The best solution is the cooperation of everybody, beginning with community participation and the support of the government. The government decentralizes budgets to the community but continue to give technical advices to the local people. After that, policies such as the limit on the number of tourists will happen not only to care for the environment but for the sake of tourists who do not want to be in a place crowded with other tourists; they can relax and be closer to nature. Moreover, the local people can take care of all tourists like a part of the family. Do not forget that sustainable development is the better way of development and sustainable concern three things which are economy, environment and also socio-cu ltural parts. Conclusion In conclusion, tourism constitutes a major part of the Thai economy, encompassing both domestic and international tourists. Home stay is an alternative form of tourism which is based in the rural area that tourists stay and live with the local people. They can share the experience and culture. In Thailand, home stay began with the student volunteer for rural development camps and after National economic and social plan 8th home stay was developed until now. The motivations for travel home stay have both push and pull factors. The push factors usually are for relaxation. Mostly, domestic tourists go to home stay by car and relax for two or three days, but international tourists often stay much longer. The pull factors usually are the easy way of life, close contact with nature and fresh air. Material development is significant for home stay because it has both positive and negative sides. Material development can help attract tourists, although consideration must be given to suitable forms of development that should not destroy the original attraction of the place. It is a good marketing strategy to improve the quality of home stay accommodation. The home stay standards have been laid down in Thailand, but most of the home stays in Thailand still do not meet them, such as in Amphawa. Moreover, some places such as Pai is overloaded with tourists while Chiang Khan is still trying to resist this trend toward over-development. Pai and Chiang Khan demonstrate both advantages and disadvantages of material development. The solution for a balance is sustainability which centers on economic, environmental and socio-cultural considerations. France can be a good example for sustainable development. Thai home stay should adapt it and adopt it right now. The government should start by educating the local people and then carry out research on customer needs, marketing strategy, planning and management. In addition, strong policies are significant, with a need for penalties fo r those who break the rules. The importance is the cooperation of everybody in the country, because everybody is part of the progression of Thailand.